Research Portfolio

Publications

Building the evidence base that is redefining the global image of nursing.

The Brand Image of Nursing is an evolving field of interdisciplinary scholarship examining how the nursing profession is perceived, understood, measured, and communicated. Brand Image of Nursing science has developed through interdisciplinary research, measurement development, qualitative inquiry, public and professional perception studies, international collaboration, and scholarship focused on the evolving role of nurses as leaders.

The following growing collection of scholarship highlights publications that have contributed to the advancement of BIN science through the use or application of BIN instruments.

Brand Theory

Research establishing and applying branding theory to understand and reposition the nursing profession.

Dean Janie Heath, Dr. Kristin Ashford, Dr. Judi Allyn Godsey, and Dr. Sheila Melander displaying awards at the American Academy of Nursing ceremony.

Dean Janie Heath and Dr. Sheila Melander with 2022 University of Kentucky award recipients Dr. Judi Allyn Godsey and Dr. Kristin Ashford during the 2022 American Academy of Nursing Conference in Washington, DC. Dr. Godsey received Nursing Outlook's "Excellence in Research" national award for her publication, "Registered nurse perceptions of factors contributing to the inconsistent brand image of the nursing profession." Dr. Ashford received the American Academy of Nursing's recognition as an Edge Runner for her PATHways Prenatal Program and Beyond Birth Comprehensive Treatment and Recovery Program.

Brand Theory
2020Journal Article

Can brand theory help reposition the nursing brand?

Godsey, J., Perrott, B., & Hayes, T.

Journal of Nursing Management, 28(4), 968-975.

Why It Matters

Applies established brand theory to reposition nursing from a caring role to a leadership profession.

Validation Studies

The development and validation of instruments that make nursing's brand image measurable.

Validation Studies
2018Instrument Validation

Development and testing of three unique scales measuring the Brand Image of Nursing.

Godsey, J., Hayes, T., Schertzer, C., & Kallmeyer, R.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 12(1).

Why It Matters

Introduces the NCBPS and NDBPS: validated instruments for measuring the current and desired Brand Image of Nursing.

Validation Studies
2022Instrument Validation

Psychometric properties and latent profile analysis of the Nursing Brand Image Scale: a methodological study in the Chinese context.

Zhou, L., Ni, Z., Godsey, J. A., Sukpasjaroen, K., Wu, Y., Liu, G., Chankoson, T., Kallmeyer, R., & Cai, E.

BMC Nursing, 21(1), 259. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00975-2.

Why It Matters

Translates and psychometrically validates the Nursing Brand Image Scale (NBIS-C) for Chinese nurses, demonstrating strong reliability and validity and identifying five brand image subgroups through latent profile analysis.

Validation Studies
2024International Study

Public perceptions of the Brand Image of Nursing: Cross-cultural differences between the United States and China.

Zhou, L., Godsey, J. A., Kallmeyer, R., Hayes, T., & Cai, E.

Nursing Outlook, 72(5), 102220.

Why It Matters

The first cross-cultural empirical study comparing public perceptions of the Brand Image of Nursing between China and the United States.

Validation Studies
2025Instrument Validation

Translation and validation of the German version of the Nursing Brand Image Scale (NBIS-P-G).

Koob, C., Reuschenbach, B., & Godsey, J. A.

BMC Nursing, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-025-04025-5.

Why It Matters

Translates and psychometrically validates the Nursing Brand Image Scale (NBIS-P-G) for German-speaking populations, extending BIN measurement science across national and linguistic contexts.

Nurse as Leader

Scholarship advancing leadership as a central dimension of the contemporary profession.

Nurse as Leader
2023Framework Development

All nurses are leaders: 5 steps to reconstruct the professional identity and Brand Image of Nursing.

Godsey, J. A., & Hayes, T.

Nurse Leader, 21(2), 188-194.

Why It Matters

Outlines five actionable steps to reconstruct the Brand Image of Nursing, positioning all nurses as leaders.

Nurse as Leader
2023Framework Development

A framework for transforming the professional identity and brand image of All Nurses as Leaders.

Joseph, M. L., Godsey, J. A., Hayes, T., Bagomolny, J., Beaudry, S.-J., Biangone, M., Brewington, J., Anest, P., Godfrey, N., Lose, D., Martin, E., Ollerman, S., Siek, T., Thompson, J., & Valiga, T.

Nursing Outlook, 71(6), 102051.

Why It Matters

A consensus framework developed jointly by ISPIN and IBIN to deconstruct the current Brand Image of Nursing and align it with the desired image of All Nurses as Leaders.

Nurse as Leader
2020Position Statement

Nursing: Calling for a shared vision.

Godfrey, N., Godsey, J., Hayes, R., & Howard, M.

Sigma Repository (Abstract & SigmaCast Podcast, Episode 10).

Why It Matters

A call for a unified, shared vision of nursing as a leadership profession.

Nurse as Leader
2019Conference Presentation

Nursing empowered leaders: A study describing who we are and who we want to be.

Godsey, J., & Hayes, T.

Sigma Theta Tau International, "Creating Healthy Work Environments" Conference, Indianapolis, IN.

Why It Matters

Presents findings on nurses' self-described current vs. desired brand image.

Nurse as Leader
2020Conference Presentation

Professional Identity in Nursing: Bridging the gap between nursing's professional identity and the profession's brand image.

Brewington, J., Robinson, M., Godsey, J., & Hayes, T.

Sigma Theta Tau International Society (Abstract & Webinar, 12/15/2020).

Why It Matters

Connects professional development with the Brand Image of Nursing.

Policy

Scholarship on the relationship between nursing's brand image and the policy imperative for the profession to define itself.

Policy
2026Journal Article

If Nursing Does Not Define Itself, Policy Will: The Brand Image of Nursing as an Urgent Professional Imperative

Judi Allyn Godsey

Nursing Outlook, May–June 2026

Why It Matters

Argues that defining and actively shaping the Brand Image of Nursing is an urgent professional imperative, with direct implications for policy, practice, and the profession's future.

BIN research quantifies how public perceptions have not kept pace with nursing's scientific, clinical, and leadership roles. Until that gap is intentionally addressed, policy vulnerability will persist.

Global and Cross-Cultural Research

Cross-national studies extending BIN science across countries and healthcare systems.

Cross-Cultural Research
2025Instrument Validation

Translation and validation of the German version of the Nursing Brand Image Scale (NBIS-P-G).

Koob, C., Reuschenbach, B., & Godsey, J. A.

BMC Nursing, 2025. DOI: 10.1186/s12912-025-04025-5.

Why It Matters

Translates and psychometrically validates the Nursing Brand Image Scale (NBIS-P-G) for German-speaking populations, extending BIN measurement science across national and linguistic contexts.

Cross-Cultural Research
2025International Study

Public perceptions of nurses in Argentina: A cross-sectional study.

Brunelli, M. V., Maluenda Martinez, M., Sarco, V., Garcia, M., Varas Lantaño, C., & Gonzalez Luis, H.

International Nursing Review, 72(2), e70041.

Why It Matters

Documents predominantly negative public perceptions of nurses in Argentina, with more than 75% of participants holding negative views and over one-third unable to identify the expanded roles of nurses.

Cross-Cultural Research
2024International Study

Public perceptions of the Brand Image of Nursing: Cross-cultural differences between the United States and China.

Zhou, L., Godsey, J. A., Kallmeyer, R., Hayes, T., & Cai, E.

Nursing Outlook, 72(5), 102220.

Why It Matters

The first cross-cultural empirical study comparing public perceptions of the Brand Image of Nursing between China and the United States.

Strategies and Knowledge Translation

Evidence-based strategies for improving and communicating nursing's brand image.

Strategies
2025International Study

Strategies to elevate the Brand Image of Nursing: A scoping review.

Yeo, A., Lee, S. S., Lim, V. K. G., Godsey, J. A., Kuok, K., Gunawan, J., & Liaw, S. Y.

International Nursing Review, 72(2), e70026.

Why It Matters

A scoping review synthesizing evidence on strategies to elevate the Brand Image of Nursing across the global profession.

Conceptual Frameworks

Research applying Brand Image of Nursing frameworks and methods to other health professions and fields.

Brand Image of Nursing (BIN) Conceptual Framework — A 10-Step Process to Build, Measure, and Advance the Nursing Brand

The Brand Image of Nursing (BIN) Conceptual Framework© is a research-based approach developed by Godsey & Hayes (2023) examining and advancing the profession’s macro-level image across public, media, and policy domains. Distinct from professional identity, which reflects individual (micro level) traits, BIN captures how nursing is perceived across the profession and throughout the public domain. The framework integrates qualitative and quantitative methods to identify high-frequency descriptors of nursing, develop and validate measurement instruments, and assess gaps between nursing’s current and most desired brand position. These gaps provide actionable insights to guide strategic re-branding initiatives (used with permission from the authors).

Conceptual Frameworks
2023Framework Development

All nurses are leaders: 5 steps to reconstruct the professional identity and Brand Image of Nursing.

Godsey, J. A., & Hayes, T.

Nurse Leader, 21(2), 188-194.

Why It Matters

Outlines five actionable steps to reconstruct the Brand Image of Nursing, positioning all nurses as leaders.

Conceptual Frameworks
2026Journal Article

Exploring the Brand Image of Pharmacy Using a Modified Nursing Framework

Godsey, J. A., Hayes, T., Van Horn, A. S., & Assa-Eley, M.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Why It Matters

Applies a modified Brand Image of Nursing framework to pharmacy, demonstrating how BIN research and conceptual frameworks can inform the study of professional brand image in other health professions.

Conceptual Frameworks
2023Framework Development

A framework for transforming the professional identity and brand image of All Nurses as Leaders.

Joseph, M. L., Godsey, J. A., Hayes, T., Bagomolny, J., Beaudry, S.-J., Biangone, M., Brewington, J., Anest, P., Godfrey, N., Lose, D., Martin, E., Ollerman, S., Siek, T., Thompson, J., & Valiga, T.

Nursing Outlook, 71(6), 102051.

Why It Matters

A consensus framework developed jointly by ISPIN and IBIN to deconstruct the current Brand Image of Nursing and align it with the desired image of All Nurses as Leaders.

Professional Identity and Brand Image: All Nurses as Leaders — Conceptual Framework

The Professional Identity and Brand Image of Nursing Conceptual Framework© is a consensus framework developed jointly by the International Society for the Professional Identity in Nursing (ISPIN) and the Institute for the Brand Image of Nursing (IBIN) (Joseph, Godsey, et al., 2023). This framework was designed to deconstruct the current professional identity and brand image by aligning it with the desired image of All nurses as Leaders (used with permission from the author).

BIN scholarship continues to grow through international research, measurement development, and the thoughtful advancement of evidence-based science on the Brand Image of Nursing.